Marcello malpighi biography

Italian scientist and physician

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Scientist of the Day - Marcello Malpighi

Marcello Malpighi, an Italian microscopist, was born, or perhaps baptized, on Mar. 10, 1628. Malpighi is noted for his many discoveries with the microscope: capillaries, taste buds, the alveoli in the lungs, and a whole host of other microscopic body structures. Social historians, however, are more intrigued by the way Malpighi published his findings. In December of 1667, Malpighi (in Bologna) received a letter from Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society of London, asking, essentially, "What’s up?", and wondering if Malpighi would like to communicate any of his discoveries to the Society. Malpighi just happened to be finishing a treatise on the dissection of silkworms, and so he sent it off to Oldenburg. Oldenburg was impressed, and so were other members of The Royal Society (except possibly Robert Hooke, who might have been jealous), and the Society underwrote the publication of De bombyce (On the Silkworm) in 1669. The Society spared no expense, for De bombyce is quite a handsome publication, on large paper, with fold-out engravings of the details of silkworm innards, several of which we show here (third and fourth images).

Titlepage, Marcello Malpighi, De bombyce, 1669 (Linda Hall Library)

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Marcello Malpighi was a seventeenth century Italian physiologist who directed his microscope toward biological investigations and became one of the greatest microscopists of all time. Many historians regard Malpighi as the father of microscopical anatomy in both animals and plants, although he was considered more of a practical researcher than a theorist. Malpighi was born in Cavalcuore, Italy, near Bologna as the son of an estate owner who became embroiled in a bitter dispute with his neighbors that lasted most of Malpighi's life.

Malpighi studied Aristotelian philosophy at the University of Bologna while he was very young and graduated as a medical doctor at the age of 25. For most of his career, Malpighi combined an intense interest in scientific research with a fond love of teaching. He was invited to correspond with the Royal Society in 1667 by Henry Oldenburg, and became a fellow of the society the next year.

Most of Malpighi's research was published in the form of journal articles to the Royal Society, an unusual practice for the period, but very common among scientists today. His first publication in 1661 announced his observations on the anatomy of the frog lung. While observing dissected lung tissue, Malpighi discovered a network of tiny thin-walled microtubules,